{"id":1000008431,"date":"2022-11-24T15:25:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-24T14:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forum-engagement.org\/?p=1000008431"},"modified":"2022-11-22T15:27:39","modified_gmt":"2022-11-22T14:27:39","slug":"note-de-position-de-france-hydrogene-sur-le-paquet-europeen-hydrogene-et-gaz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forum-engagement.org\/2024\/note-de-position-de-france-hydrogene-sur-le-paquet-europeen-hydrogene-et-gaz\/","title":{"rendered":"Note de position de France Hydrog\u00e8ne sur le Paquet europ\u00e9en hydrog\u00e8ne et gaz"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

France Hydrog\u00e8ne publie ses 10 recommandations concernant le Paquet hydrog\u00e8ne & gaz, propos\u00e9 par la Commission europ\u00e9enne le 15 d\u00e9cembre 2021. Entre les mains du Conseil et du Parlement europ\u00e9en, ce r\u00e8glement et cette directive vont dessiner conjointement les fondations d’un futur march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en commun de l’hydrog\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 15 d\u00e9cembre 2021, la Commission europ\u00e9enne a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 son nouveau Paquet sur le march\u00e9 de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne et du gaz d\u00e9carbon\u00e9<\/a>, une refonte du r\u00e8glement 715\/2009 et de la directive 2009\/73 sur le march\u00e9 du gaz. Ce paquet vient compl\u00e9ter le Paquet Fit for 55 introduit le 14 juillet 2021, qui fournit un cadre pour la production et la consommation d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable et de carburants de synth\u00e8se. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avec ces deux r\u00e9formes, l\u2019ambition de la Commission europ\u00e9enne est de fournir un cadre global \u00e0 l\u2019Union pour la production, le transport, le stockage, et les usages de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable et de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne bas-carbone<\/strong>, afin de d\u00e9carboner des secteurs difficiles \u00e0 \u00e9lectrifier (principalement l\u2019industrie et les transports), et de b\u00e2tir les fondations d\u2019un futur march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne <\/strong>o\u00f9 ce vecteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique serait \u00e9chang\u00e9, \u00e0 terme, comme une marchandise comme les autres. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans sa note de position sur le Paquet hydrog\u00e8ne et gaz (en anglais, t\u00e9l\u00e9chargeable en fin de page<\/a>), France Hydrog\u00e8ne sugg\u00e8re 10 grandes recommandations<\/strong> au l\u00e9gislateur europ\u00e9en pour am\u00e9liorer le cadre propos\u00e9, qui vise \u00e0 (1) d\u00e9finir et certifier l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne bas-carbone, (2) \u00e9tablir des r\u00e8gles communes pour un march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux infrastructures de transport, de stockage et terminaux d\u2019import d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne, (3) r\u00e9glementer le m\u00e9lange d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne dans le r\u00e9seau de gaz, et (4) assurer la planification des r\u00e9seaux d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les 10 recommandations de France Hydrog\u00e8ne<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Soutien \u00e0 l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne bas-carbone<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

1. Compl\u00e9ter la d\u00e9finition l\u00e9gale de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne bas-carbone<\/strong> : France Hydrog\u00e8ne soutient l\u2019introduction d\u2019une d\u00e9finition l\u00e9gale de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne bas-carbone, respectant un seuil de r\u00e9duction de 70 % des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES), mais demande l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019un comparateur \u00e0 partir duquel calculer cet abattement, \u00e0 prendre en analogie avec celui issu de la d\u00e9finition de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable (\u00ab carburant renouvelable d\u2019origine non-biologique<\/em> \u00bb, ou RFNBO <\/em>en anglais). La clause de r\u00e9vision fix\u00e9e \u00e0 2031 doit \u00eatre supprim\u00e9e car elle cr\u00e9erait un risque r\u00e9glementaire important pour les projets \u00e0 venir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Une m\u00e9thodologie carbone appropri\u00e9e pour l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne bas-carbone produit par \u00e9lectrolyse<\/strong> : France Hydrog\u00e8ne demande une m\u00e9thodologie bas\u00e9e sur le contenu carbone horaire moyen de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 alimentant l\u2019\u00e9lectrolyseur (gCO2eq\/kWh), \u00e0 partir du mix \u00e9lectrique o\u00f9 sont localis\u00e9s les \u00e9lectrolyseurs (location-based approach<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Une adoption rapide de l\u2019acte d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9 pr\u00e9vu par l\u2019article 8 de la Directive<\/strong> : attendu pour fin 2024, cet acte d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9 sera essentiel pour achever la d\u00e9finition de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne bas-carbone et sa m\u00e9thodologie d\u2019\u00e9valuation des r\u00e9ductions des \u00e9missions de GES, et devrait par cons\u00e9quent \u00eatre adopt\u00e9 d\u00e9but 2023 au plus tard pour apporter rapidement de la lisibilit\u00e9 et de la stabilit\u00e9 aux investisseurs et industriels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Promouvoir l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne bas-carbone pour d\u00e9carboner les secteurs difficiles \u00e0 \u00e9lectrifier.<\/strong> Pour contribuer \u00e0 renforcer l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et la r\u00e9silience de l\u2019UE, et atteindre les objectifs climatiques, les \u00c9tats membres devraient \u00eatre autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 rendre l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne bas-carbone \u00e9ligible aux objectifs sectoriels de consommation d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne propre dans l\u2019industrie et les transports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certification de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne import\u00e9<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

5. Des exigences ambitieuses pour la certification des importations d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne <\/strong>: des r\u00e8gles et exigences \u00e9quivalentes devraient \u00eatre impos\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable et l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne bas-carbone import\u00e9s, pour pouvoir \u00eatre certifi\u00e9s conformes \u00e0 la r\u00e9glementation europ\u00e9enne en termes de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une \u00e9valuation solide de l\u2019empreinte carbone des produits import\u00e9s en analyse du cycle de vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e8gles de march\u00e9 et d\u00e9ploiement des infrastructures d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

6. Des r\u00e8gles plus souples pour le d\u00e9groupage vertical<\/strong> : sur la base des r\u00e8gles aujourd\u2019hui applicables pour le march\u00e9 commun du gaz, le mod\u00e8le du \u00ab gestionnaire de r\u00e9seau de transport ind\u00e9pendant \u00bb (Independent Transmission Operator, ITO<\/em>) devrait \u00e9galement \u00eatre autoris\u00e9 pour le march\u00e9 de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne, sans limitation dans le temps (au del\u00e0 de 2030).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Des d\u00e9rogations pour les r\u00e9seaux priv\u00e9s locaux<\/strong> : le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019un r\u00e9seau de pipelines d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de l\u2019UE se fera \u00e0 partir et d\u2019abord au sein d\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes ou hubs locaux d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne, o\u00f9 les op\u00e9rateurs \u00e9conomiques devraient pouvoir \u00eatre libres d\u2019investir \u00e0 la fois dans des actifs de production et des pipelines de distribution d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne, sans \u00eatre restreint par une limite de temps (au del\u00e0 de 2030). Un acc\u00e8s n\u00e9goci\u00e9 de tiers devrait toutefois \u00eatre accord\u00e9 pour les producteurs locaux concurrents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Des tarifs pour les \u00e9changes transfrontaliers d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne<\/strong> : France Hydrog\u00e8ne consid\u00e8re que les tarifs aux interconnexions transfrontali\u00e8res doivent refl\u00e9ter les co\u00fbts. Des tarifs gratuits aux interconnexions transfrontali\u00e8res ne sont ni n\u00e9cessaires ni suffisants pour d\u00e9velopper un march\u00e9 de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e9lange d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne avec le gaz naturel<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

9. Une limitation au m\u00e9lange d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne avec le gaz<\/strong> : France Hydrog\u00e8ne soutient un plafond maximum de 5 % d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne en m\u00e9lange avec le gaz, que les gestionnaires de r\u00e9seaux de gaz de l\u2019UE devront accepter aux interconnexions gazi\u00e8res. L\u2019injection d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne dans le r\u00e9seau de gaz devrait \u00eatre une option de dernier recours pour les producteurs d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne, offrant un d\u00e9bouch\u00e9 compl\u00e9mentaire \u00e0 leur production d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable et bas-carbone contribuant \u00e0 d\u00e9carboner le mix gazier et ses usages, apr\u00e8s que des applications plus pertinentes et directes dans l\u2019industrie et les transports aient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9j\u00e0 satisfaites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Planification et gouvernance du r\u00e9seau europ\u00e9en d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

10. Une gouvernance pour les r\u00e9seaux europ\u00e9ens d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne<\/strong> : la plateforme temporaire que la Commission europ\u00e9enne entend installer avant le lancement d\u2019un futur R\u00e9seau europ\u00e9en d\u2019op\u00e9rateurs de r\u00e9seaux pour l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne (ENNOH<\/em>) devrait inclure les associations europ\u00e9ennes et nationales de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

France Hydrog\u00e8ne publie ses 10 recommandations concernant le Paquet hydrog\u00e8ne & gaz, propos\u00e9 par la Commission europ\u00e9enne le 15 d\u00e9cembre 2021. Entre les mains du Conseil et du Parlement europ\u00e9en, ce r\u00e8glement et cette directive vont dessiner conjointement les fondations d’un futur march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en commun de l’hydrog\u00e8ne. Le 15 d\u00e9cembre 2021, la Commission europ\u00e9enne a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":103,"featured_media":1000008432,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[155],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1000008431","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-engagements-pour-une-strategie-ecologique-performante"},"yoast_head":"\nNote de position de France Hydrog\u00e8ne sur le Paquet europ\u00e9en hydrog\u00e8ne et gaz | Forum Engagement<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Note de position de France Hydrog\u00e8ne sur le Paquet europ\u00e9en hydrog\u00e8ne et gaz | Forum Engagement\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"France Hydrog\u00e8ne publie ses 10 recommandations concernant le Paquet hydrog\u00e8ne & gaz, propos\u00e9 par la Commission europ\u00e9enne le 15 d\u00e9cembre 2021. Entre les mains du Conseil et du Parlement europ\u00e9en, ce r\u00e8glement et cette directive vont dessiner conjointement les fondations d’un futur march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en commun de l’hydrog\u00e8ne. 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